http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&feed=atom&action=historyPhonograph Doll - Revision history2024-03-29T06:46:04ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.25.2http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=12658&oldid=prevFinnb: Undo revision 12569 by Egugecuge (Talk)2010-11-24T14:33:55Z<p>Undo revision 12569 by <a href="/deadmedia/index.php/Special:Contributions/Egugecuge" title="Special:Contributions/Egugecuge">Egugecuge</a> (<a href="/deadmedia/index.php?title=User_talk:Egugecuge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Egugecuge (page does not exist)">Talk</a>)</p>
<a href="http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=12658&oldid=12569">Show changes</a>Finnbhttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=12569&oldid=prevEgugecuge at 05:37, 24 November 20102010-11-24T05:37:17Z<p></p>
<a href="http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=12569&oldid=7902">Show changes</a>Egugecugehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=7902&oldid=prevAlex at 03:47, 8 April 20102010-04-08T03:47:51Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Welch, Walter L. ''From Tinfoil to Stereo: The Acoustic Years of the Recording Industry, 1877-1929.'' Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Welch, Walter L. ''From Tinfoil to Stereo: The Acoustic Years of the Recording Industry, 1877-1929.'' Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Alexhttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=3008&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* The "Talking Head" Realized: Beginnings and Patents */2007-12-05T21:21:23Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The "Talking Head" Realized: Beginnings and Patents</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:21, 5 December 2007</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The phonograph doll evolved alongside Edison’s invention of and continuous improvements upon the phonograph.  Although he did not patent the idea until several years later, the “earliest mention of incorporating an Edison phonograph into a doll or other toy is November 23, 1877,” on a laboratory note sheet upon which Edison wrote, “I propose to apply the phonograph principle to make dolls speak, sing, cry, and make various sounds” (Welch 47).  Initially, Edison’s plan was to “build up a doll around a phonograph but it was obviously more practical to use factory made doll parts and place a miniature phonograph within” (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  Thus in his 1891 patent for improving phonograph dolls, Edison claims that his “invention relates mainly to reproducing phonographs designed to be enclosed in dolls or other toys bearing a short sound-record intended to be reproduced as often as required” (Edison 1).  The idea here, therefore, was using Edison’s innovation of the phonograph, making it miniature, placing it within a tin casing that served as the doll’s chest, and attaching pre-made doll parts to this central mechanism.  These doll appendages were imported from around the country, while the bisque heads were usually imported from Germany.  The most important part of the doll, however (the phonograph), was manufactured in Edison's labs in New Jersey.  Once on the shelves, these dolls sold for $10.00 each.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The phonograph doll evolved alongside Edison’s invention of and continuous improvements upon the phonograph.  Although he did not patent the idea until several years later, the “earliest mention of incorporating an Edison phonograph into a doll or other toy is November 23, 1877,” on a laboratory note sheet upon which Edison wrote, “I propose to apply the phonograph principle to make dolls speak, sing, cry, and make various sounds” (Welch 47).  Initially, Edison’s plan was to “build up a doll around a phonograph but it was obviously more practical to use factory made doll parts and place a miniature phonograph within” (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  Thus in his 1891 patent for improving phonograph dolls, Edison claims that his “invention relates mainly to reproducing phonographs designed to be enclosed in dolls or other toys bearing a short sound-record intended to be reproduced as often as required” (Edison 1).  The idea here, therefore, was using Edison’s innovation of the phonograph, making it miniature, placing it within a tin casing that served as the doll’s chest, and attaching pre-made doll parts to this central mechanism.  These doll appendages were imported from around the country, while the bisque heads were usually imported from Germany.  The most important part of the doll, however (the phonograph), was manufactured in Edison's labs in New Jersey.  Once on the shelves, these dolls sold for $10.00 each.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The image to the left is a diagram taken from Edison's patent for phonograph dolls.  Analyzing this image (and the image of a phonograph doll to the upper-right), one can note the odd wax cylinder/disc hybrid that was invented solely for the miniature phonograph within the doll.  Clearly, this is an analog piece of media.  It's as if Edison took the top of a wax cylinder and cut off a small piece, so it looks like a hollow disc with grooves all around the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">perimeter </del>instead of on either side.  This was probably done solely for spatial purposes and to hold the small nursery rhymes, chatter, and songs that were emitted from these dolls.  Regardless, it's still interesting to see this mix of new and old media for a miniature phonograph, a type of mix that we have not seen since.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The image to the left is a diagram taken from Edison's patent for phonograph dolls.  Analyzing this image (and the image of a phonograph doll to the upper-right), one can note the odd wax cylinder/disc hybrid that was invented solely for the miniature phonograph within the doll.  Clearly, this is an analog piece of media.  It's as if Edison took the top of a wax cylinder and cut off a small piece, so it looks like a hollow disc with grooves all around the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">circumference </ins>instead of on either side.  This was probably done solely for spatial purposes and to hold the small nursery rhymes, chatter, and songs that were emitted from these dolls.  Regardless, it's still interesting to see this mix of new and old media for a miniature phonograph, a type of mix that we have not seen since.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Doll Functioned==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Doll Functioned==</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clementehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=3007&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* The "Talking Head" Realized: Beginnings and Patents */2007-12-05T21:05:48Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The "Talking Head" Realized: Beginnings and Patents</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Patent_Diagram.jpg|thumb|left|Diagram of the phonograph doll from Edison's patent.]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Image:Patent_Diagram.jpg|thumb|left|Diagram of the phonograph doll from Edison's patent.]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The phonograph doll evolved alongside Edison’s invention of and continuous improvements upon the phonograph.  Although he did not patent the idea until several years later, the “earliest mention of incorporating an Edison phonograph into a doll or other toy is November 23, 1877,” on a laboratory note sheet upon which Edison wrote, “I propose to apply the phonograph principle to make dolls speak, sing, cry, and make various sounds” (Welch 47).  Initially, Edison’s plan was to “build up a doll around a phonograph but it was obviously more practical to use factory made doll parts and place a miniature phonograph within” (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  Thus in his 1891 patent for improving phonograph dolls, Edison claims that his “invention relates mainly to reproducing phonographs designed to be enclosed in dolls or other toys bearing a short sound-record intended to be reproduced as often as required” (Edison 1).  The idea here, therefore, was using Edison’s innovation of the phonograph, making it miniature, placing it within a tin casing that served as the doll’s chest, and attaching pre-made doll parts to this central mechanism.  These doll appendages were imported from around the country, while the bisque heads were usually imported from Germany.  The most important part of the doll, however (the phonograph), <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">were </del>manufactured in Edison's labs in New Jersey.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The phonograph doll evolved alongside Edison’s invention of and continuous improvements upon the phonograph.  Although he did not patent the idea until several years later, the “earliest mention of incorporating an Edison phonograph into a doll or other toy is November 23, 1877,” on a laboratory note sheet upon which Edison wrote, “I propose to apply the phonograph principle to make dolls speak, sing, cry, and make various sounds” (Welch 47).  Initially, Edison’s plan was to “build up a doll around a phonograph but it was obviously more practical to use factory made doll parts and place a miniature phonograph within” (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  Thus in his 1891 patent for improving phonograph dolls, Edison claims that his “invention relates mainly to reproducing phonographs designed to be enclosed in dolls or other toys bearing a short sound-record intended to be reproduced as often as required” (Edison 1).  The idea here, therefore, was using Edison’s innovation of the phonograph, making it miniature, placing it within a tin casing that served as the doll’s chest, and attaching pre-made doll parts to this central mechanism.  These doll appendages were imported from around the country, while the bisque heads were usually imported from Germany.  The most important part of the doll, however (the phonograph), <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">was </ins>manufactured in Edison's labs in New Jersey<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.  Once on the shelves, these dolls sold for $10.00 each</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The image to the left is a diagram taken from Edison's patent for phonograph dolls.  Analyzing this image (and the image of a phonograph doll to the upper-right), one can note the odd wax cylinder/disc hybrid that was invented solely for the miniature phonograph within the doll.  Clearly, this is an analog piece of media.  It's as if Edison took the top of a wax cylinder and cut off a small piece, so it looks like a hollow disc with grooves all around the perimeter instead of on either side.  This was probably done solely for spatial purposes and to hold the small nursery rhymes, chatter, and songs that were emitted from these dolls.  Regardless, it's still interesting to see this mix of new and old media for a miniature phonograph, a type of mix that we have not seen since.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The image to the left is a diagram taken from Edison's patent for phonograph dolls.  Analyzing this image (and the image of a phonograph doll to the upper-right), one can note the odd wax cylinder/disc hybrid that was invented solely for the miniature phonograph within the doll.  Clearly, this is an analog piece of media.  It's as if Edison took the top of a wax cylinder and cut off a small piece, so it looks like a hollow disc with grooves all around the perimeter instead of on either side.  This was probably done solely for spatial purposes and to hold the small nursery rhymes, chatter, and songs that were emitted from these dolls.  Regardless, it's still interesting to see this mix of new and old media for a miniature phonograph, a type of mix that we have not seen since.</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clementehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=2959&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* The "Talking Head" Realized: Beginnings and Patents */2007-12-05T19:35:37Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The "Talking Head" Realized: Beginnings and Patents</span></span></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:35, 5 December 2007</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L9" >Line 9:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The phonograph doll evolved alongside Edison’s invention of and continuous improvements upon the phonograph.  Although he did not patent the idea until several years later, the “earliest mention of incorporating an Edison phonograph into a doll or other toy is November 23, 1877,” on a laboratory note sheet upon which Edison wrote, “I propose to apply the phonograph principle to make dolls speak, sing, cry, and make various sounds” (Welch 47).  Initially, Edison’s plan was to “build up a doll around a phonograph but it was obviously more practical to use factory made doll parts and place a miniature phonograph within” (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  Thus in his 1891 patent for improving phonograph dolls, Edison claims that his “invention relates mainly to reproducing phonographs designed to be enclosed in dolls or other toys bearing a short sound-record intended to be reproduced as often as required” (Edison 1).  The idea here, therefore, was using Edison’s innovation of the phonograph, making it miniature, placing it within a tin casing that served as the doll’s chest, and attaching pre-made doll parts to this central mechanism.  These doll appendages were imported from around the country, while the bisque heads were usually imported from Germany.  The most important part of the doll, however (the phonograph), were manufactured in Edison's labs in New Jersey.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The phonograph doll evolved alongside Edison’s invention of and continuous improvements upon the phonograph.  Although he did not patent the idea until several years later, the “earliest mention of incorporating an Edison phonograph into a doll or other toy is November 23, 1877,” on a laboratory note sheet upon which Edison wrote, “I propose to apply the phonograph principle to make dolls speak, sing, cry, and make various sounds” (Welch 47).  Initially, Edison’s plan was to “build up a doll around a phonograph but it was obviously more practical to use factory made doll parts and place a miniature phonograph within” (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  Thus in his 1891 patent for improving phonograph dolls, Edison claims that his “invention relates mainly to reproducing phonographs designed to be enclosed in dolls or other toys bearing a short sound-record intended to be reproduced as often as required” (Edison 1).  The idea here, therefore, was using Edison’s innovation of the phonograph, making it miniature, placing it within a tin casing that served as the doll’s chest, and attaching pre-made doll parts to this central mechanism.  These doll appendages were imported from around the country, while the bisque heads were usually imported from Germany.  The most important part of the doll, however (the phonograph), were manufactured in Edison's labs in New Jersey.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The image to the left is a diagram taken from Edison's patent for phonograph dolls.  Analyzing this image (and the image of a phonograph doll to the upper-right), one can note the odd wax cylinder/disc hybrid that was invented solely for the miniature phonograph within the doll.  It's as if Edison took the top of a wax cylinder and cut off a small piece, so it looks like a hollow disc with grooves all around the perimeter instead of on either side.  This was probably done solely for spatial purposes and to hold the small nursery rhymes, chatter, and songs that were emitted from these dolls.  Regardless, it's still interesting to see this mix of new and old media for a miniature phonograph, a type of mix that we have not seen since.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The image to the left is a diagram taken from Edison's patent for phonograph dolls.  Analyzing this image (and the image of a phonograph doll to the upper-right), one can note the odd wax cylinder/disc hybrid that was invented solely for the miniature phonograph within the doll<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.  Clearly, this is an analog piece of media</ins>.  It's as if Edison took the top of a wax cylinder and cut off a small piece, so it looks like a hollow disc with grooves all around the perimeter instead of on either side.  This was probably done solely for spatial purposes and to hold the small nursery rhymes, chatter, and songs that were emitted from these dolls.  Regardless, it's still interesting to see this mix of new and old media for a miniature phonograph, a type of mix that we have not seen since.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Doll Functioned==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==How the Doll Functioned==</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clementehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=2958&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* How the Doll Functioned */2007-12-05T19:33:12Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">How the Doll Functioned</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"...its body is made of tin, and the interior thereof is filled with mechanism very much like that of the commercial phonograph, but of course much more simple and inexpensive.  The cylinder of the phonograph...carries a ring of wax-like material, upon which is recorded the speech or song to be repeated by the doll.  Upon the same shaft with the record cylinder there is a large pulley which carries a belt for driving the flywheel shaft at the lower part of the phonographic apparatus.  The key is fitted to the main shaft, by which the phonographic cylinder is rotated, and the flywheel tends to maintain a uniform speed.  Above the record cylinder is arranged a diaphragm, such as is used in the regular phonograph, carrying a reproducing stylus, which is mounted on the lower lever in the same manner as the regular phonograph.  The funnel at the top of the phonographic apparatus opens underneath the breast of the doll, which is perforated to permit the sound to escape.  By the simple operation of turning the crank any child can make the doll say, 'Mary had a little lamb,' 'Jack and Jill,' or whatever it was, so to speak, taught to say in the phonograph factory" (''Scientific American'').</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"...its body is made of tin, and the interior thereof is filled with mechanism very much like that of the commercial phonograph, but of course much more simple and inexpensive.  The cylinder of the phonograph...carries a ring of wax-like material, upon which is recorded the speech or song to be repeated by the doll.  Upon the same shaft with the record cylinder there is a large pulley which carries a belt for driving the flywheel shaft at the lower part of the phonographic apparatus.  The key is fitted to the main shaft, by which the phonographic cylinder is rotated, and the flywheel tends to maintain a uniform speed.  Above the record cylinder is arranged a diaphragm, such as is used in the regular phonograph, carrying a reproducing stylus, which is mounted on the lower lever in the same manner as the regular phonograph.  The funnel at the top of the phonographic apparatus opens underneath the breast of the doll, which is perforated to permit the sound to escape.  By the simple operation of turning the crank any child can make the doll say, 'Mary had a little lamb,' 'Jack and Jill,' or whatever it was, so to speak, taught to say in the phonograph factory" (''Scientific American'').</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">NOTE </del>language of last sentence..<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">***</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">This article was written right around the time that these dolls were first invented and placed on the market.  Nothing like them had been seen before, so one should note the </ins>language of <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">this excerpt, especially the </ins>last sentence. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> Even though the doll was an inanimate object, and the sound quality of the doll's songs and stories was extremely poor, people did not yet know what kind of technological jargon to use when referring to the doll's ability to "produce" sound.  The article does not say that the doll does not actually "say" anything, but just serves as an encasement for a phonograph that reproduces sound, but instead that the doll was "taught to speak" in the factory</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Limitations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Limitations==</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clementehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=2953&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* The "Click" */2007-12-05T19:28:22Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">The "Click"</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cylindrical records within these dolls featured the voices of little girls who worked in factories, and whose voices were recorded as the final step of phonograph doll manufacturing.  As described in an 1890 article from ''Scientific American'', the wax-like records "are placed upon an instrument very much like an ordinary phonograph, and in the mouth of which a girl speaks the words to be repeated by the doll.  A large number of these girls are continually doing this work.  Each one has a stall to herself, and the jangle produced by a number of girls simultaneously repeating [nursery rhymes]...is beyond description.  These sounds united with the sounds of the phonographs themselves when reproducing the stories make a veritable pandemonium" (''Scientific American'').  Mary Hillier provides an interesting first-hand description of these girls' work: "Each one sits before a large apparatus, singing, reading, crying, reciting, talking with all the appearance of a lunatic!  She dictates to a cylinder of wax the lesson that the little doll must obediently repeat to the day of her death with guaranteed fidelity" (Hillier, ''Automata'' 94).  Hillier aptly asserts that the "unknown girls who recorded the words in [Edison's] factory achieved a curious immortality" (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  In this way, not only do we see this recurring idea of immortality through the phonograph embodied in these little dolls, but we also see a strict layout of who can "write" the message, even though the "messages" were nursery rhymes and stories well-known in English and American culture.  In addition, one can see that each phonograph doll had unique recordings, since these girls needed to repeat the stories over and over again for each individual cylindrical record.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The cylindrical records within these dolls featured the voices of little girls who worked in factories, and whose voices were recorded as the final step of phonograph doll manufacturing.  As described in an 1890 article from ''Scientific American'', the wax-like records "are placed upon an instrument very much like an ordinary phonograph, and in the mouth of which a girl speaks the words to be repeated by the doll.  A large number of these girls are continually doing this work.  Each one has a stall to herself, and the jangle produced by a number of girls simultaneously repeating [nursery rhymes]...is beyond description.  These sounds united with the sounds of the phonographs themselves when reproducing the stories make a veritable pandemonium" (''Scientific American'').  Mary Hillier provides an interesting first-hand description of these girls' work: "Each one sits before a large apparatus, singing, reading, crying, reciting, talking with all the appearance of a lunatic!  She dictates to a cylinder of wax the lesson that the little doll must obediently repeat to the day of her death with guaranteed fidelity" (Hillier, ''Automata'' 94).  Hillier aptly asserts that the "unknown girls who recorded the words in [Edison's] factory achieved a curious immortality" (Hillier, ''Automata'' 93).  In this way, not only do we see this recurring idea of immortality through the phonograph embodied in these little dolls, but we also see a strict layout of who can "write" the message, even though the "messages" were nursery rhymes and stories well-known in English and American culture.  In addition, one can see that each phonograph doll had unique recordings, since these girls needed to repeat the stories over and over again for each individual cylindrical record.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The "Click"==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Doll is the </ins>"Click"==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Edison did not have to enclose his newly created phonograph in a doll in order for it to be a toy.  He could just as easily have created a mini-phonograph to sell from the start as a toy for children.  However, the doll had been seen as the standard "toy" for children for centuries, so the only way that a new media technology could be marketed as a toy was to encase it in the most standard toy possible: the doll.  In a way, then, the doll exterior itself is the "click" of this medium: it is unnecessary at the material level (since nothing about the doll produces sound or makes the phonograph function), but nevertheless necessary at a semiotic level - the phonograph doll is only a toy ''because'' it is a doll.  Chances are, it would not have been seen as a toy had the doll not encased the phonograph.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Remediations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Remediations==</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clementehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=2951&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* Remediations */2007-12-05T19:22:37Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Remediations</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Remediations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Remediations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though Edison's phonograph doll and its immediate followers were failures, the idea of a "talking doll" has persisted over a century later, with various remediations popping up here and there (from "Chatty Cathy" in the 1960's to talking "Dora the Explorer" and "Barbie" dolls today).  However, while these dolls "talk" and sometimes use mini-plastic-"records," they are certainly not phonograph dolls.  This clearly makes sense, since the phonograph was extremely faulty, especially when it came to the miniature cylindrical records used for phonograph dolls.  But the form of these remediations, especially the earlier ones, mimic Edison's first invention: mechanism inside of the chest/stomch, with a string or button behind the doll to power whatever was "making" sound.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Even though Edison's phonograph doll and its immediate followers were failures, the idea of a "talking doll" has persisted over a century later, with various remediations popping up here and there (from "Chatty Cathy" in the 1960's to talking "Dora the Explorer" and "Barbie" dolls today).  However, while these dolls "talk" and sometimes use mini-plastic-"records," they are certainly not phonograph dolls.  This clearly makes sense, since the phonograph was extremely faulty, especially when it came to the miniature cylindrical records used for phonograph dolls.  But the form of these remediations, especially the earlier ones, mimic Edison's first invention: mechanism inside of the chest/stomch, with a string or button behind the doll to power whatever was "making" sound<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.  Nowadays, these dolls are battery powered.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">An example of a remediation of the phonograph doll can be seen in this video from YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Z1ZTXW4ZAA .  This doll, according to the video's description, is from the 1980's and contains a "mini record player" inside that plays plastic records.  One should note that this doll's structure is almost exactly the same as Edison's: audio apparatus in the stomach, sound emits from the chest.  The sound quality is not nearly as creepy as the phonograph dolls from a century prior, but it's equally as irritating</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clementehttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Phonograph_Doll&diff=2945&oldid=prevKatie Clemente: /* Remediations */2007-12-05T19:17:24Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Remediations</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Remediations==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Remediations==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Even though Edison's phonograph doll and its immediate followers were failures, the idea of a "talking doll" has persisted over a century later, with various remediations popping up here and there (from "Chatty Cathy" in the 1960's to talking "Dora the Explorer" and "Barbie" dolls today).  However, while these dolls "talk" and sometimes use mini-plastic-"records," they are certainly not phonograph dolls.  This clearly makes sense, since the phonograph was extremely faulty, especially when it came to the miniature cylindrical records used for phonograph dolls.  But the form of these remediations, especially the earlier ones, mimic Edison's first invention: mechanism inside of the chest/stomch, with a string or button behind the doll to power whatever was "making" sound.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Works Cited==</div></td></tr>
</table>Katie Clemente