http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Cerossetti&feedformat=atomDead Media Archive - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T11:47:06ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.25.2http://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13101Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T18:02:29Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Tagging */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark. <br />
[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Class=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. The user-friendsly BISAC-based scheme put customers at ease. This browsing model that works for the book store model contributed to increased circulation at the library too.<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Metadata describes and indexes digital info. Some people refer to it as information about information, like a derivative instrument in that it changes along with the underlying content. Metadata, now applied in search engine rankings, promotes tools adapted by the creators of digital info. This digital format allow for retrieval in multiple contexts and by multiple users. <br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
Tools such as Flickr use tagging to classify photographs into different groupings. This approach has transformed the cause and effect of media consumption and creation, changing gather then share into share then gather. These labeling systems that have no hierarchy take advantage of crowd sourcing so no one invents categories on behalf of others. Since this kind of system distributes responsibility among users, it is low cost, while giving a broader range of feedback on the front end. From these tags, one can find correlations, identify subgroups, and detect trends. <br />
<br />
But tags aren't flat; they too have a heirarchy established by nesting and creating subsets within tags. This kind of distributed system allows for rich network analysis that reveals more of the crowd than the stagnant categories of a more traditional classification structure. Subgroups and subcultures can be tracked on tagging patterns. <br />
<br />
As classification schemes change we must look at the roles they are expected to play. Where they were once merely for search and finding, there is now a navigational element that is present in the link structure. Within this navigation tool is the ability for community correction and more relevant preservation.<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13089Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T06:07:01Z<p>Cerossetti: /* The 800 Section */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark. <br />
[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Class=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. The user-friendsly BISAC-based scheme put customers at ease. This browsing model that works for the book store model contributed to increased circulation at the library too.<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Metadata describes and indexes digital info. Some people refer to it as information about information, like a derivative instrument in that it changes along with the underlying content. Metadata, now applied in search engine rankings, promotes tools adapted by the creators of digital info. This digital format allow for retrieval in multiple contexts and by multiple users. <br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
Tools such as Flickr use tagging to classify photographs into different groupings. This approach has transformed the cause and effect of media consumption and creation, changing gather then share into share then gather. These labeling systems that have no hierarchy take advantage of crowd sourcing so no one invents categories on behalf of others. Since this kind of system distributes responsibility among users, it is low cost, while giving a broader range of feedback on the front end. From these tags, one can find correlations, identify subgroups, and detect trends. <br />
<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13088Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T06:04:14Z<p>Cerossetti: </p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark. <br />
[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. The user-friendsly BISAC-based scheme put customers at ease. This browsing model that works for the book store model contributed to increased circulation at the library too.<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Metadata describes and indexes digital info. Some people refer to it as information about information, like a derivative instrument in that it changes along with the underlying content. Metadata, now applied in search engine rankings, promotes tools adapted by the creators of digital info. This digital format allow for retrieval in multiple contexts and by multiple users. <br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
Tools such as Flickr use tagging to classify photographs into different groupings. This approach has transformed the cause and effect of media consumption and creation, changing gather then share into share then gather. These labeling systems that have no hierarchy take advantage of crowd sourcing so no one invents categories on behalf of others. Since this kind of system distributes responsibility among users, it is low cost, while giving a broader range of feedback on the front end. From these tags, one can find correlations, identify subgroups, and detect trends. <br />
<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13087Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T05:56:38Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Metadata */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. The user-friendsly BISAC-based scheme put customers at ease. This browsing model that works for the book store model contributed to increased circulation at the library too.<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Metadata describes and indexes digital info. Some people refer to it as information about information, like a derivative instrument in that it changes along with the underlying content. Metadata, now applied in search engine rankings, promotes tools adapted by the creators of digital info. This digital format allow for retrieval in multiple contexts and by multiple users. <br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
Tools such as Flickr use tagging to classify photographs into different groupings. This approach has transformed the cause and effect of media consumption and creation, changing gather then share into share then gather. These labeling systems that have no hierarchy take advantage of crowd sourcing so no one invents categories on behalf of others. Since this kind of system distributes responsibility among users, it is low cost, while giving a broader range of feedback on the front end. From these tags, one can find correlations, identify subgroups, and detect trends. <br />
<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13086Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T05:05:42Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Metadata */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. The user-friendsly BISAC-based scheme put customers at ease. This browsing model that works for the book store model contributed to increased circulation at the library too.<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Metadata describes and indexes digital info <br />
Aims at promoting a rescource, with finding tools adapted by creator of digital info <br />
Applied now in search engine rankings <br />
Can be retrieved in multiple contexts <br />
Might not be visible to user <br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13085Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T04:56:56Z<p>Cerossetti: /* The Bookstore Model */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. The user-friendsly BISAC-based scheme put customers at ease. This browsing model that works for the book store model contributed to increased circulation at the library too.<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13084Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T04:38:45Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC began in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. The decision was undertaken at the request of users who felt the Dewey system was intimidating. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. <br />
User friendsly <br />
BISAC-based scheme is to put customers at ease and help them become more self-sufficient and comfortable using the library.”<br />
Browsing is for book store model <br />
Contributes to rising circulation <br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13072Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T03:31:05Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC occurred in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13071Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T03:30:29Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC occurred in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13070Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T03:29:15Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC occurred in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13069Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T03:22:39Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Perry Branch Rebellion */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
This rebellion against DDC occurred in 2007 in Maricopa County, AZ. The Perry branch opened and utilized BISAC instead of Dewey. <br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model====<br />
<br />
The Book Industry Study Group maintains the BISAC system. It uses 52 alphabetic top categories. Where a book falls is determined by the publisher. This system is utilized by companies like Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Bookscan, Bowker, Ingram, and others. The system allows an electronic record in more than one BISAC category and isn't accessible to front end customers. <br />
<br />
These decisions are between browsing versus finding. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13068Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T03:14:22Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Pros and Cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
There is also an inherent Anglo-American bias as seen in the presence of a whole division for American literature (810), but a clumping from French and French Canadian Literature.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13060Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T02:46:55Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school at Columbia University 1887 to teach the system, he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian. Dewey succumbed to a stroke a day after Christmas in 1931 at the age of 80.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13058Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T02:45:21Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born during the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working as a student assistant in the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school to teach the system to users he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13056Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T02:42:57Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey was a polarizing figure whose personality cultivated both ardent followers who respected him and enemies who found him an annoyance. Melvil considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born in the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working at the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school to teach the system to users he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13054Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T02:41:09Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born in the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working at the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
Dewey’s influence in the library went past his classification system to index the entirety of human knowledge. When he opened the first library school to teach the system to users he admitted women and began the stereotype of the woman librarian.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13050Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T02:38:02Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melvil Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born in the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working at the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13049Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T02:37:36Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
Melville Dewey considered himself a reformer before a librarian. Born in the evangelical movement, he was obsessed with efficiency and cohesion, to the point of changing the spelling of his name to Melvil Dui. This was in line with his support of simplified spelling. When he went to Amherst College, Dewey had little interest in socializing and devoted himself to rolling out his system while he was working at the school library. This passion for efficiency is said to have been spurned by a near death experience where he ran back into a library during a fire to save more books. As a result he saw time as limited. His interests went beyond the walls of the library to shorthand and bicycles, along with the phonetic nature of spelling.<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13039Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:40:21Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Pros and Cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born. Issues reflecting Dewey's personal bias and the cultural bias surrounding the late 19th century can be seen most clearly in the treatment of religion.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13037Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:29:20Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Metadata */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
====Tagging====<br />
<br />
<br />
"The basic capabilities of tools like Flickr reverse the old order of group activity, transforming 'gather, then share' into 'share, then gather'.’"<br />
Link structures – broken links by decreased tagging <br />
<br />
Labeling system with no hierarchy <br />
Tagging – crowdsourcing <br />
Not group on behalf of others <br />
Distributd system is low cost <br />
Correlation of tags <br />
Tags allow easing of user assumptions <br />
Tag signatures - trends and types of curves<br />
<br />
Info doesn’t have architecture without the user <br />
Tags arent flat <br />
Nesting tags allow hierarchy to be a subset of tagging <br />
Network anaysls more rich than classifying <br />
Tag clouds = ranked tagging<br />
<br />
Search and finding vs navigation<br />
Embed community correction into navigation <br />
Preservation tools <br />
Gradient of socially valuable info from unknown ppl <br />
Lattice structure restricts users <br />
Tagging Is post search!!! <br />
Groups if subculture opinion in tagging<br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13036Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:28:15Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13035Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:27:48Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|400px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13034Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:27:38Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|380px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13033Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:27:27Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|370px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=File:Ddschart.jpg&diff=13032File:Ddschart.jpg2010-12-06T01:27:05Z<p>Cerossetti: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13031Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T01:26:38Z<p>Cerossetti: </p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
[[File:ddschart.jpg|350px|left|alt text]]<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13029Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:53:38Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13028Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:53:05Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Perry Branch Rebellion */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|300px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13027Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:52:08Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Current Issues */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
====The Bookstore Model==== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
The BISAC system is maintained by the Book Industry Study Group, which classifies books into 52 broad categories, each with additional levels of specificity. Categories for a book are typically determined by the publisher<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13026Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:48:18Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
See also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13025Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:48:06Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition exists both in print and online. Created in 1967, AACR has a character based tag and is meant to be more flexible and adaptable than DDC. A core concept is controlling authority in ambiguous cataloguing by having a controlled vocabulary. <br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
Also: CCO (Cataloging Cultural Objects) and FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13023Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:41:38Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique naming system (A-Z) that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13022Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:35:35Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required both expansive and reductive revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13021Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:33:45Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
<br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
<br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13020Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:33:25Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
Types of Revisions <br />
Relocations- commonly used to realign fields of knowledge and make number room <br />
Reconstructed schedules (Phoenix Schedules) – not used frequently to maintain number integrity. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13019Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:25:28Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' is a simplification of Library of Congress Headings that serves smaller libraries with basic essential headings that can be added to as needed. It has a history of previous adjustments and a thesaurus-like format for practicality. It is currently in its 20th addition. <br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13017Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:09:18Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
Recent development - WebDewey which includes all content from DDC 22, including quarterly updates ( new developments, new built numbers, and additional electronic index terms )<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13016Dewey Decimal System2010-12-06T00:07:30Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. It is also believed to be stronger since it eliminates some bias in diversified creators. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13015Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:59:06Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Pros and Cons */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
Dewey’s greatest advantage and disadvantage is that it reflects the bias of its creator and the cultural snapshot where it was born.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13014Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:58:46Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Utility */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
===Pros and Cons===<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13013Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:57:03Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Utility */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive, but since they organize by discipline there is some collocation. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13012Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:54:50Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13011Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:54:04Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Utility */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
<br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13010Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:53:24Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Utility */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories (classes or fields) has 10 secondary categories(divisions) within which there are another 10 tertiary subcategories(sections).<br />
<br />
10 Unique Main Classes <br />
100 Unique Divisions<br />
1000 Unique Sections <br />
<br />
The 10 main classes are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13009Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:48:42Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories has 10 secondary categories within which there are another 10 subcategories. The 10 main categories are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' employs an alphabetic unique number that has more top level categories and buit-in granularity. <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13008Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:44:16Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories has 10 secondary categories within which there are another 10 subcategories. The 10 main categories are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
With its increased adoption internationally, the Dewey Decimal Classification System has been translated into over 30 languages. The system has also required revisions. <br />
<br />
1931 - At the time of Dewey's Death there had been 13 revisions.<br />
2004 - The most recent adaptation, the 22nd Revision.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13007Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:35:37Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories has 10 secondary categories within which there are another 10 subcategories. The 10 main categories are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
The DDS has been translated into more than 30 languages, an effort that is continuing today. The system itself has been revised repeatedly over the years as libraries gained experience with it. Dewey himself presided over 13 revisions until his death in 1931. The most recent revision, the twenty second, was released in 2004.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates symbols to indicate subject modifications as either algebraic subgrouping, addition, extension, relation, or language. This systems emerged in the late 1800's and was created by Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine. <br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13005Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:25:37Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Revisions and Proliferation */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories has 10 secondary categories within which there are another 10 subcategories. The 10 main categories are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
The DDS has been translated into more than 30 languages, an effort that is continuing today. The system itself has been revised repeatedly over the years as libraries gained experience with it. Dewey himself presided over 13 revisions until his death in 1931. The most recent revision, the twenty second, was released in 2004.<br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates <br />
<br />
developed by the Belgian bibliographers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine at the end of the 19th century. It is based on the Dewey Decimal Classification, but uses auxiliary signs to indicate various special aspects of a subject and relationships between subjects<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13004Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:25:21Z<p>Cerossetti: </p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories has 10 secondary categories within which there are another 10 subcategories. The 10 main categories are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
===Revisions and Proliferation===<br />
<br />
The DDS has been translated into more than 30 languages, an effort that is continuing today. The system itself has been revised repeatedly over the years as libraries gained experience with it. Dewey himself presided over 13 revisions until his death in 1931. The most recent revision, the twenty second, was released in 2004.<br />
<br />
<br />
Read more: About the Dewey Decimal System | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_4564050_dewey-decimal-system.html#ixzz17HaVk2S1<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates <br />
<br />
developed by the Belgian bibliographers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine at the end of the 19th century. It is based on the Dewey Decimal Classification, but uses auxiliary signs to indicate various special aspects of a subject and relationships between subjects<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossettihttp://www.cultureandcommunication.org/deadmedia/index.php?title=Dewey_Decimal_System&diff=13003Dewey Decimal System2010-12-05T23:24:42Z<p>Cerossetti: /* Alternatives */</p>
<hr />
<div>The Dewey Decimal Classification System is a hierarchical system of classification that utilizes decimals to codify divisions. Despite its decreasing popularity, Dewey continues to be the most dominant classification system in the world and is used in over 138 countries and 200,000 libraries. The DDC was created in 1876 by Melville Dewey and in 1988 was acquired by the Online Computer Library Center in Dublin, Ohio who continue to own the trademark.[[File:dds3.jpg|450px|right|alt text]] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Utility==<br />
[[File:dds6.jpg|450px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
The Dewey Decimal Classification System used numerical hierarchy to order information into categories. Each of the 10 below main categories has 10 secondary categories within which there are another 10 subcategories. The 10 main categories are intended to cover all human knowledge and be completely comprehensive. Call numbers reveal increasingly specified information when read from left to right, making DDC a faceted system where a longer the call number refers to a more specific topic. XYZ could be a a call number where X= the main class, Y= the division, and Z = the section. All call numbers have at least 3 digits. For example call number 87(General collections In Slavic languages) would be represented as 087.<br />
<br />
===Main Classes===<br />
<br />
10 Top Level Classes <br />
<br />
▪ 000 – Computer science, information & general works<br />
<br />
▪ 100 – Philosophy and psychology<br />
<br />
▪ 200 – Religion<br />
<br />
▪ 300 – Social sciences<br />
<br />
▪ 400 – Language<br />
<br />
▪ 500 – Science (including mathematics)<br />
<br />
▪ 600 – Technology/Applied Science<br />
<br />
▪ 700 – Arts and recreation<br />
<br />
▪ 800 – Literature<br />
<br />
▪ 900 – History, geography, and biography<br />
<br />
===The 800 Section=== <br />
<br />
The 800 heading houses literature, but fictional prose is divided by language and then form to prevent the section from consuming too great a space. Many libraries choose to classify fictional works separately and classify alphabetically by the author's last name.<br />
<br />
==Revisions== <br />
<br />
==Melville Dewey (December 10, 1851 – December 26, 1931)==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds4.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
==Alternatives==<br />
<br />
'' “The only group that can categorize everything is everyone” '' - Clay Shirky<br />
<br />
'''Universal Classification System''' is an offshoot of DDC that incorporates <br />
<br />
developed by the Belgian bibliographers Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine at the end of the 19th century. It is based on the Dewey Decimal Classification, but uses auxiliary signs to indicate various special aspects of a subject and relationships between subjects<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Library of Congress Subject Headings''' <br />
<br />
'''MARC''' represents MAchine-Readable Cataloging. This system of classification emerged out of the Library of Congress and enables computer interaction. <br />
<br />
'''AACR2''' is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition<br />
<br />
'''Sears Subject Headings''' <br />
served the needs of small and medium-sized libraries, delivering a basic list of essential headings, together with patterns and examples to guide the cataloger in creating further headings as needed. Practical features include a thesaurus-like format, an accompanying list of cancelled and replacement headings, and legends within the list that identify earlier forms of headings.<br />
<br />
<br />
In a recent talk to The Long Now Foundation, which focuses on clock and library projects, Clay Shirky talked about where Dewey fit in as a classification system and how the world has continued to evolve beyond it despite its continued dominance. <br />
Shirky outlined how to make information persistent and how “cheap flexible systems with large numbers of participants bring down risk of loss”. Taking this into consideration we must question if a disjointed move from Dewey would weaken the media it classifies. Is adaptation less risky?<br />
<br />
==Current Issues==<br />
<br />
===Perry Branch Rebellion===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[File:dds8.jpg|350px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===Seattle Central Library===<br />
<br />
The spectacle that became the Seattle Central Library was the results of both a Seattle Public vote for "Libraries for All" and a $20 million donation by Bill Gates. Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus of the Dutch firm Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) were the principal architects on the project. The building has been described as a celebration of books with the form dictated by the medium. The Book Spiral, which houses the nonfiction collection, can be found on floors 6 to 9. The floors aren't separated by stairs, but rather are built on a slight incline, allowing the collection to be enjoyed without interruption. The Spiral is organized by the Dewey Decimal System, starting with 000 and working upwards with each foot. In making the decision to design a building around the Dewey Decimal System, the Seattle Central Library has made the classification more durable, pouring it into cement. <br />
<br />
[[File:dds5.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds.jpg|250px|left|alt text]]<br />
<br />
[[File:dds1.jpg|250px|right|alt text]]<br />
<br />
===The Bookstore Model=== <br />
Browsing versus finding <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Metadata===<br />
<br />
<br />
Databases now must catalogue and increasing amount of nontextual information such as images, sounds, videos, and scanned documents. These types of information require multidiscipilary forms of classification and search. These kinds of networks represent the future of broad classification systems. <br />
<br />
===The Future and the Questions It Presents===<br />
<br />
What if YouTube used the Dewey Decimal System? What if it made it multi-dimensional? <br />
<br />
Should a classification system seek to provide a consistent browsing tool that users encounter in other environments (e.g., for children, is the same system found in the school library)?<br />
<br />
Should a system represent an international standard understood worldwide in bibliographic utilities?<br />
<br />
==Sources== <br />
<br />
<br />
Clyde, Anne "Metadata. " Teacher Librarian 30.2 (2002): 45-47. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Drabinski, E.. "Gendered S(h)elves: Body and Identity in the Library. " Women & Environments International Magazine 1 Oct. 2009: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
El-Sherbini, Magda "Metadata and the future of cataloging. " Library Computing 1 Jan. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fialkoff, Francine "It's Not About Dewey. " Library Journal 1 Nov. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Fister, Barbara "The Dewey Dilemma. " Library Journal 1 Oct. 2009: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Goldberg, Beverly "Classification clash. " American Libraries 1 May 2001: Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Ketcham, Susan. "Learn Library of Congress Classification / Learn Dewey Decimal Classification (Edition 21). Library Journal 1 Feb. 2000: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Kidwell, Claire "Music Classification Systems. Library Review 52.5/6 (2003): 279-280. Research Library, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Prescott, Sarah. "If you knew Dewey... " School Library Journal 1 Aug. 2001: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Stevens, Norman D. "The catalogs of the future: A speculative essay. " Information Technology and Libraries 17.4 (1998): 183-187. ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
Tapper, Janet "Dewey Does a Number on Wicca. " Library Journal : Spiritual living 1 May 2006: ABI/INFORM Global, ProQuest. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dossier]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fall 2010]]</div>Cerossetti